Exploration of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR by analyzing effective reference genes in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

ABSTRACT: Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a major pest of the Chinese honey bees. Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) is a stable method for quantifying gene expression, and the selection of appropriate reference genes is necessary for standardizing gene expression analysis. In this study, the expression profiles of 12 candidate reference genes (GAPDH2, TUBB2B, TBP, RPL7, RPL13, RPL22, SOD, AK1, RPS7, RPS20, RPS25, and PKG21D) were analyzed via 5 different treatments. The stability of candidate reference gene expression was assessed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder. Significant differences in optimal reference gene combinations were observed under diverse experimental conditions. Based on different developmental stages, larval t

SUBMITTER: Ran XY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12755906 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature