Out-of-phase tropical Atlantic-Pacific response after volcanic eruptions over the Last Millennium in PMIP4/past1000 simulations.

ABSTRACT: The Atlantic Niño, a key mode of tropical Atlantic variability, strongly influences precipitation over South America and Africa and interacts with Pacific El Niño through intricate ocean-atmosphere dynamics. Despite its significance, the Atlantic-Pacific response to natural external forcings remains poorly understood due to the short observational record. Using multi-model simulations of the past millennium, we show that January volcanic eruptions induce a tropical out-of-phase lagged response, with long-lasting El Niño-like warming in the Pacific beginning in austral winter, followed by austral summer Niña-like cooling in the Atlantic. These responses are triggered independently, driven by persistent equatorial atmospheric wave activity resulting from the interplay between relative coolin

SUBMITTER: Verona L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12756237 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature