Comparing large language models and search engine responses to common orthodontic questions.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Large Language Models (LLMs) highlight their potential in supporting patient education and self-management. Their performance in responses to orthodontic questions has yet to be explored.

Objectives

This study aims to compare the quality, empathy, readability, and satisfaction of responses from LLMs and search engines on common orthodontic questions.

Methods

Forty-five common orthodontic questions (six categories) and a prompt were developed, and a self-designed multidimensional evaluation questionnaire was constructed. Questions were presented to 5 LLMs and 3 search engines on December,22,2024. The primary outcomes were the median expert-rated scores of LLMs versus search engine responses on quality, empathy, readability, and satisfaction, using 5- or 10-p

SUBMITTER: Ren Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12758715 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature