Trends in US Preterm Birth Rates by Household Income and Race and Ethnicity.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

There are well-documented racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth in the US. The role of household income in temporal preterm birth trends remains largely unexplored.

Objective

To examine US preterm birth trends by household income from 2011 to 2021, as well as associations between income and preterm birth according to race and ethnicity.

Design, setting, and participants

This US population-based, cross-sectional study used data on 411 469 mothers of infants aged 2 to 4 months from the nationally representative Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System database from 2011 to 2021. Data were analyzed from January to April 2024.

Exposures

Mothers reported annual household income, which was categorized as less than 100% of the federal poverty le

SUBMITTER: Cordova-Ramos EG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12761331 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature