Examining the roles, relationships and power dynamics shaping universal health system policy processes in high- and upper-middle-income countries: a scoping review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Policies for universal health systems aim to provide equitable access to quality healthcare. However, achieving this remains a complex goal in high and upper-middle-income countries. Despite widespread efforts, universal health system reforms vary significantly, shaped by historical, political, and economic contexts. Understanding the policy process, including the roles of various actors and institutions, is essential to improving policy effectiveness and achieving equitable health systems. This scoping review examines the literature on policy processes, stakeholder influences, and contextual factors shaping policies for universal health system reforms.

Methods

A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature from 2014 to 2024 was conducted using five acad

SUBMITTER: Mac Conghail L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12763841 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature