Efficacy and safety of sequential versus concurrent administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiotherapy in solid tumors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with radiotherapy (RT) enhance antitumor efficacy; however, the optimal sequencing of these treatments remains undefined. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials to compare the efficacy and safety of ICIs administered after completion of RT versus those administered concurrently with RT.

Methods

A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov identified studies published through February 5, 2025. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS); the secondary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS); safety was assessed by the incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs).

Results

This NMA included 24 randomized controlled trials involving 9,480 part

SUBMITTER: Baek J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12764719 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature