Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages and increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in UK Biobank.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome poses a critical challenge for public health. However, its association with mortality risk remain inadequately characterized.

Methods

282,952 participants at baseline from the UK Biobank were monitored until November 12, 2021. Cox regression analyses evaluated the associations between CKM stages and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, respiratory diseases, and digestive system diseases.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 16,834 deaths occurred, including 15.8% from CVD, 50.3% from cancer, 6.0% from respiratory diseases, 3.6% from digestive system diseases, and 24.3% from other causes. The risk of all-cause, cancer, CVD, respiratory, an

SUBMITTER: Xu T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12765068 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature