Sepsis Endotypes Defined by Lymphocyte Thresholds and Inflammation Inform Precision Immunomodulation.

ABSTRACT: Immunomodulatory therapies demonstrate variable efficacy in sepsis, suggesting biological heterogeneity inadequately captured by current stratification approaches. Although lymphopenia predicts mortality, functional thresholds and their interaction with inflammation remain poorly characterized. We investigated whether integrating lymphocyte status with systemic inflammation defines sepsis endotypes with differential treatment responsiveness. We retrospectively profiled 714 patients within 24 h using lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory biomarkers. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed nonlinear associations between lymphocyte counts and mortality (p < 0.01), with steep risk increases at lower counts. Risk optimization identified critical thresholds at 374 cells/µL (total T cells)

SUBMITTER: Sun Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12765407 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature