Microscale Architectures for Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Functional Microneedles to Biointegrated Wearable Systems.

ABSTRACT: Soft robots, characterized by compliance, adaptability, and multimodal responsiveness, represent a rapidly advancing frontier in biomedical applications, wearable technologies, and environmental exploration. This review summarizes recent progress in soft robotics with a focus on material innovation, structural design, functional integration, and intelligent responsiveness. Emphasis is placed on the development of bioinspired and stimuli-responsive materials, the construction of modular and reconfigurable architectures, and the integration of actuation, sensing, and energy systems. Microneedle array-based soft robots and hydrogel-based 4D-printed systems are introduced as representative platforms for drug delivery, wound healing, and environmental monitoring. Key challenges, including limit

SUBMITTER: Li X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12765782 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature