Vertical Interfacial Engineering in Two-Step-Processed Perovskite Films Enabled by Dual-Interface Modification for High-Efficiency p-i-n Solar Cells.

ABSTRACT: Two-step-processed (TSP) inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%. Here, we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI₂ clusters, which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite, leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_x-based TSP p-i-n PSCs. These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTF)₂) and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride (F-PEA) at the NiO_x/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interf

SUBMITTER: Zhou W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12765795 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature