Tumor Electric Field Therapy Inhibits TGF-β/C1R Signaling Axis-Driven Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant primary brain tumors, with the mesenchymal subtype exhibiting particularly poor prognosis. Tumor electric field therapy (TEFT) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Methods

GBM functional states were analyzed using CancerSEA datasets. GBM cell lines were treated with 200 kHz TEFT at 2.2 V/m for 72 h. C1R was knocked down using siRNA and shRNA. Cell morphology, migration, invasion, proliferation, and signaling pathways were assessed through various assays. Findings were validated in animal models and clinical specimens.

Results

C1R was identified at the intersection of TEFT-downregulated genes, poor progn

SUBMITTER: Chen J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12766902 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature