Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates driven by heparin and polyamine.

ABSTRACT: Biomolecular condensates are membraneless bodies that organize biochemical reactions typically within cells. However, the roles of condensates in extracellular space-where conditions differ substantially from intracellular space-remain poorly understood. Here, we report mast cell extracellular granules (MCEGs), a stable membraneless entity, are condensates assembled via electrostatic interactions between glycosaminoglycans and polyamines. Disrupting polyamine synthesis or trafficking blocks MCEG formation and compromises the storage of proteases and cytokines. Granules reconstituted with heparin and spermine are sufficient to enrich mediators such as CPA3 and TNFα, maintaining an elevated pH and higher concentrations of calcium and zinc compared to the extracellular milieu. This unique env

SUBMITTER: Xiong Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12767532 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature