Foot-specific exercise intervention for forefoot deformity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled clinical trial with 3-year follow-up.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetes with peripheral neuropathy can lead to metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) deformity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of a foot-specific intervention on MTPJ deformity. Secondary aims were determining MTPJ deformity progression over 3 years and predictors of MTPJ deformity progression.

Methods

Sixty people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were recruited for this randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 months (post-intervention), 1.5 years, and 3 years. A 6-month, foot-specific intervention in the experimental group was compared to a shoulder intervention in the control group. The primary outcome was change in 2nd MTPJ angle assessed with computed tomography (CT).

Results

There

SUBMITTER: Zellers JA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12771100 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature