MXene-integrated microneedles reprogram diabetic-associated macrophages for deep-wound infection therapy and immunoprotection.

ABSTRACT: Traditional hyperthermia-boosted photothermal therapy (PTT) for infected wounds often suffers from thermal damage to healthy tissue, exacerbates immune dysregulation, and compromises antibacterial efficacy in deep tissue. Here, we developed a functional microneedle system (MTF@MNs) by incorporating MXene-tannic acid/iron (MXene-TA/Fe, MTF) nanosheets into a photocrosslinkable GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel matrix. The engineered microneedle architecture facilitates targeted delivery of therapeutic nanosheets into deep, biofilm-rich subcutaneous regions, which are characterized by elevated H₂O₂ levels, acidic pH, and poor drug permeability. Under mild near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, MTF@MNs synergistically enhance the peroxidase-like nanozyme activity of MXene-TA/Fe while accel

SUBMITTER: Li W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12771996 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature