Host-adapted probiotic potential of Ligilactobacillus agilis 2-2 revealed by comparative genomic and phenotypic analyses.

ABSTRACT: Host-specific adaptation shapes the evolution of safe and effective probiotics. In this study, we performed the first pan-genome analysis of Ligilactobacillus agilis using 40 genomes from poultry and mammalian sources. The species exhibits an open, highly plastic genome with host-driven divergence in carbohydrate metabolism. Glycosyltransferase GT2, bglF_2 and tcyB/C were enriched in mammalian strains, whereas capsule biosynthesis gene epsH and asp2 were predominant in poultry strains. The poultry-derived strain L. agilis 2-2 harbors gene clusters associated with acid and bile tolerance (atpA-atpH), adhesion (mapA), short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis (ldhA, ackA-pta), and antioxidant defense (trxA/B, msrA/B), collectively supporting its intestinal adaptation and probiotic fitness. Phenoty

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12774754 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature