Molecular Mechanisms of Priming Innate Immunity by Small Extracellular Vesicles Released during Infection with Gram-negative Bacteria.

ABSTRACT: Much still remains to understand about the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the trafficking of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) modulates innate immune responses during infection with pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. To address this significant gap in knowledge, we used two infection models to investigate innate immune regulation by the sEVs released from cells infected with either Yersinia pestis (Yp) or Burkholderia thailandensis (Bt), designated as EXi-Yp and EXi-Bt respectively. The EXi induced differentiation of naïve human monocytes to macrophages and triggered robust pro-inflammatory cytokine release, including release of IL-6, mirroring direct bacterial infection effects. Comprehensive cell signaling analyses revealed that the EXi modulate a small set of

SUBMITTER: Fleming A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12776559 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature