Residual cholesterol inflammatory index and its prognostic role in mortality among individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3 based on U.S. and Chinese national cohorts.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, marked by multisystem dysfunction, is an emerging health concern. Traditional risk factors have limited ability to predict long-term mortality in CKM stages 0-3. The residual cholesterol inflammatory index (RCII), which integrates lipid abnormalities and chronic inflammation, may offer a novel prognostic tool. However, its independent value for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in early-stage CKM remains unclear.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2010), including 9,014 individuals at CKM stages 0-3. We assessed the relationship between RCII and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality using weighted Cox models and restr

SUBMITTER: Wei S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12777310 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature