Antiviral susceptibility of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans in the United States, October 2024 to February 2025.

ABSTRACT: Since October 2024, 55 human cases of influenza A(H5N1), clade 2.3.4.4b, were reported in the US. Sequencing of 46 viruses identified genotypes B3.13, D1.1, and D1.3. Virus genomes were analyzed for mutations associated with reduced antiviral susceptibility. Except for two, viruses from human cases were assessed as susceptible to antivirals and confirmed by in vitro susceptibility testing of representative viruses with M2 blockers, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, and the polymerase acidic (PA) inhibitor baloxavir. One D1.1 virus had an M2-S31N substitution, which conferred cross-resistance to M2 blockers. One B3.13 virus had a PA-I38M substitution and displayed 17-fold reduced baloxavir susceptibility in cell culture. In mice, baloxavir, given orally at 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg bid

SUBMITTER: Pascua PNQ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12777753 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature