Multifunctional nanoplatforms for optic nerve regeneration integrating anti-inflammatory, epigenetic, and ionic mechanisms with emerging artificial intelligence technologies.

ABSTRACT: Optic nerve injury represents a common pathological basis underlying various blinding diseases and remains without effective regenerative therapies. The review focuses on three key mechanisms: the inflammatory microenvironment, epigenetic dysregulation, and ionic imbalance, clarifying their temporal dynamics and mutual interactions after injury. It highlights the major factors that limit retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal regeneration and synaptic remodeling.Within this framework, representative single and dual mechanism nanodelivery strategies in murine and nonhuman primate models are analyzed, focusing on tissue targeting, therapeutic time windows, and functional outcomes to define their applicability and limitations.The review further summarizes the design principles, pharmacological pe

SUBMITTER: Wang T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12779719 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature