Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Intralesional MMR Vaccine and Vitamin D3 in Managing Nongenital Warts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cutaneous warts are common benign lesions caused by human papillomavirus and often resist conventional treatments. Intralesional immunotherapy with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine or vitamin D3 has emerged as an alternative, but their comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 742 patients comparing intralesional MMR with vitamin D3 for nongenital cutaneous warts. We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect up to June 2025, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: 1128443). Primary outcomes were complete, partial, and no response; secondary outcomes were recurrence and adverse events (erythema, pain, swelling). Pooled risk r

SUBMITTER: Balach R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12780659 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature