Enhanced Bilateral Accelerated Theta Burst Stimulation for Comorbid Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: The Seville Protocol.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with comorbid anxiety affects up to 30% of patients and frequently fails to respond to conventional therapeutic approaches. The Seville Protocol is a novel, accelerated, high-dose, bilateral theta burst stimulation (TBS) paradigm combining intermittent TBS (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS), specifically designed to address both depressive and anxiety symptoms in TRD.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted at the Andalusian Institute of Brain Health (Seville, Spain). All participants received the Seville Protocol, consisting of neuronavigated iTBS applied to the left and cTBS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), delivered at high intensity (110-133.5% of the resting motor threshold) over 30 sessions within

SUBMITTER: Moleon-Ruiz A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12781213 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature