Extracellular vesicles derived from pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory and invasive phenotype in melanoma cells.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Melanoma progression and metastasis depend on intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME), where extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as essential mediators through the transfer of molecular cargo. In melanoma, macrophages are enriched in the TME, and their abundance and infiltration into the tumor area are associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we examined the effects of pro-inflammatory M1 and immunosuppressive M2 macrophage-derived EVs on melanoma cells to gain insights into EV-mediated interactions between macrophages and tumor cells.

Methods

Macrophage-derived EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the conditioned media of THP-1 cells polarized to M0, M1 and M2 macrophages. The cytokine content of M0 and M1 EVs was

SUBMITTER: Maki-Mantila K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12781609 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature