Understanding plant-microorganism interactions: The key roles of soil, rhizosphere, and direct and indirect mechanisms.

ABSTRACT: Soil, the Earth's upper crust layer, is crucial for ecological processes, comprising mineral, organic, and biological components that determine fertility and multifuncionality. Human-induced degradation necessitates advancements in pedology and soil conservation. The rhizosphere, surrounding plant roots, houses a diverse microbial community, notably bacteria, which enhance plant growth and disease resistance. Root exudates fuel biological activity and nutrient cycling, supporting microbial growth, improving soil structure, and reducing plant stress. Plant-microorganism interactions in ecological and agricultural systems play a vital role for maintaining primary production and ecosystem sustainability. Moreover, arbuscular mycorrhizae and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are essential, influencing

SUBMITTER: Hnini M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12782948 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature