Two Phytophthora effectors mitigate plant immunity by manipulating intracellular pH through interaction with V-ATPase in potato.

ABSTRACT: Plant V-ATPase serves as a primary active proton pump of the endomembrane system and is crucial for the stress response. However, the role of the C subunit of V-ATPase (VHA-C) in effector-triggered immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that Phytophthora infestans evolved a pair of RxLR effectors, AL3 and Avr2, which are expressed sequentially and both target the host VHA-C (StATP6V1C1) and StBSL1. In the early stage of P. infestans infection, AL3 promotes the assembly of StATP6V1C1 with subunits G and E, leading to increased V-ATPase activity and cytoplasmic acidification. Subsequently, Avr2 inhibits the StWNK10-catalyzed Ser-261 phosphorylation of StATP6V1C1, thereby retarding V-ATPase activity and causing intracellular alkalinization. In cultivars absence of two immune rece

SUBMITTER: Xue X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12784495 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature