Elevated Flotillin-1 in Saliva and Salivary Glands: A Novel Non-Invasive Biomarker in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently diagnosed using established biomarkers, such as reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ₄₂, increased phosphorylated tau, and cerebral amyloid levels detected by PiB-PET. Because these methods are invasive or require specialized facilities, less invasive and easily detectable biomarkers are needed. Flotillin-1 concentrations are reduced in the CSF and serum of patients with AD. This study examined whether flotillin-1 in saliva, a less invasive specimen than blood, could serve as a biomarker. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and App^NL-G-F (APP knock-in; APP-KI) mice were used to create four groups (2 and 9 months of age, six animals per group). Saliva and salivary glands were collected, and flotillin-

SUBMITTER: Kawakami S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12785311 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature