Association of Galectin-9 Soluble Immune Checkpoint with Clinical Prognostic Markers in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

ABSTRACT: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease, with varied clinical outcomes. Multiplex assays used to measure soluble immune checkpoints offer a less laborious method of monitoring patients with CLL, but none of these panels have been validated. The aim of the study was to assess soluble immune checkpoint profiles in patients with CLL and to correlate these with independent prognostic markers such as β2-microglobulin (B2M), Rai stage, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) status, and the International Prognostic Index for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL-IPI). We measured plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sCD25), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), galectin-9, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand

SUBMITTER: Ntsethe A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12785695 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature