EBV Early Lytic Antigens, EBNA2 and PDL-1, in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Brain: A Coordinated Contribution to Viral Immune Evasion.

ABSTRACT: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection shows the strongest causative association with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its contribution to disease progression and the mechanisms allowing for viral persistence in the MS brain are still elusive. Studies in post-mortem MS brain tissue indicate an ongoing yet ineffective antiviral immune reaction in advanced stages of the disease. EBV has evolved strategies to evade immune recognition and clearance by the host immune system during both the latency and lytic phase of its life cycle. Recent evidence demonstrates that cells expressing EBV latent membrane protein (LMP) 2A exploit the PD-1/PDL1 inhibitory immune checkpoint to escape immune surveillance and maintain a persistent latent infection in the MS brain. This study investigated whether the virus als

SUBMITTER: Benincasa L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12785848 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature