Ineffective Erythropoiesis Markers in β-Thalassemia: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) is a hallmark of β-thalassemia and contributes to major clinical complications, including severe anemia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and progressive iron overload. Despite its central role in disease pathophysiology, there is no established biomarker for the reliable identification and monitoring of IE. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate potential serum markers that reflect IE in β-thalassemia. Methods: Across seven databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, and SAGE), thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed to identify circulating biomarkers associated with IE in β-thalassemia. Results: The most consistently reported markers w

SUBMITTER: Prahasanti K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12786485 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature