Development of Oleic Acid Composite Vesicles as a Topical Delivery System: An Evaluation of Stability, Skin Permeability, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities.

ABSTRACT: Fatty acid vesicles (FAVs) are promising nanocarriers, but their application is limited by a narrow, alkaline pH formation window that mismatches the weak acidity of physiological environments, such as skin. To overcome this, we developed composite vesicles using oleic acid (OA) and the non-ionic surfactant Tween 40 (TW40). pH titration confirmed that the OA/TW40 system successfully broadened the vesicle formation window from 8.2-10.08 to 3.1-7.2, aligning it with the physiological pH range. The bioactive flavonoid luteolin (LUT) was efficiently encapsulated into these OA/TW40-FAVs, achieving a high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 87.13% and a drug loading capacity (DLC) of 9.58. The formulation demonstrated superior topical delivery performance: the cumulative transdermal flux (933.08 µg

SUBMITTER: Ma X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12786916 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature