Alterations of the nasal and oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

While changes in the gut microbiota have been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about the nasal and oral microbiota, which are important modulators of the mucosal immune system. The gingival microbiota can drive systemic inflammation, the pharyngeal microbiota can lead to autoimmune-mediated neurologic diseases, and altered nasal bacterial toxigenic genes are reported in active MS.

Methods

We investigated nasal, gingival, and oropharyngeal microbiota from 69 MS to 40 healthy control subjects by 16S rRNA sequencing and identified site-specific microbiota differences in both the nasal and oral microbiota related to relapsing and progressive MS. We identified microbes associated with MS diagnosis, disease progression, disease modifying therapy, smo

SUBMITTER: Li S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12790149 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature