Closed-loop wearable neurostimulation system with triboelectric sensing to alleviate hemifacial spasms.

ABSTRACT: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of the facial muscles, which can significantly influence patients' quality of life. Traditional diagnostic methods are often subjective, and electromyography (EMG) monitoring is constrained by equipment limitations and interference. Current treatments include short-term Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections and high-risk microvascular decompression (MVD), both of which suffer from low patient compliance. This study introduces a closed-loop facial nerve stimulation system integrated into eyewear, featuring triboelectric sensors doped with butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF)-CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO), and constructed with micrometer-scale hemispherical structures, which enhance

SUBMITTER: Qu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12790568 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature