Programmable Macrophage Mimics for Inflammatory Meniscus Regeneration via Nanotherapy.

ABSTRACT: Meniscal injuries are common in the knee joint. Minor meniscal injuries usually respond well to conservative treatment, while severe cases often require complete meniscal replacement. Meniscal injuries cause inflammatory responses that importantly hinder meniscal tissue regeneration. Despite ongoing advances in research, considerable breakthroughs in meniscal regeneration remain out of reach. This study introduces programmable macrophage mimics (PMMs), which enable sequential regulation from anti-inflammatory responses to meniscal fibrocartilage regeneration. PMMs were prepared by encapsulating the transforming growth factor-β3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 growth factors within mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with branched polyethyleneimine via disulfide bonding. This design a

SUBMITTER: Lu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12794206 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature