A subset of type 4 secretion system effectors of <i>Brucella</i> spp. associates to outer membrane vesicles.

ABSTRACT: The establishment of a replicative niche in the hostile environment of the host presents an enormous challenge for pathogens. Intracellular pathogens such as Brucella spp., the Gram-negative causative agents of Brucellosis, must subvert diverse host functions to ensure survival and replication. One of the key adaptations to achieve this is the translocation of effector proteins into host cells via its type 4 secretion system (T4SS). But effector identification in Brucella is particularly challenging, as previously identified effectors lack a conserved translocation signal, exhibit variable requirements for translocation, and in some cases appear to be translocated in a T4SS-independent manner. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of previously described T4SS effector proteins a

SUBMITTER: Ketterer M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12794620 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature