A tin fluoride-free, efficient and durable tin-lead perovskite solar cell.

ABSTRACT: The photo-thermal stability of tin-lead perovskite solar cells remains a major challenge. SnF₂ is commonly used to inhibit Sn²⁺ oxidation and reduce hole density, however, the stability of devices remains poor. Here, we found that the poor stability partially results from an adverse effect of SnF₂, which reacts with formamidine iodide during photo-thermal treatments. This reaction leads to degradation of perovskite and release of hydrofluoric acid, which corrodes electrodes. To address this issue, we develop a strategy that combines lead powder in precursor with PbF₂ post-treatment, replacing the role of SnF₂ as in film formation and surface defect passivation, respectively. The d-electron polarization in Pb²⁺ strengthens it

SUBMITTER: Yuan H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12796181 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature