Examining performance changes using multiple goal setting with a focus on the SMART principle.

ABSTRACT: Mental training is an integral component of physical preparation, and goal setting is among the most widely applied mental techniques in sport. The present study investigated functional changes in soccer passing performance using multiple and separate goal-setting strategies, based on the SMART principle. Fifty male participants (Mage = 23.12, SD = 2.40 years; age range = 18-28), with no prior experience in organized soccer training, volunteered for the study. A semi-experimental (quasi-experimental) pretest-posttest design with a control group was employed. Participants were systematically assigned to one of five groups: multiple goal setting, process, performance, outcome, or control. Each training session consisted of soccer passing practice combined with goal setting tasks. Following a

SUBMITTER: Shokri S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12796429 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature