Amphibian Strategies Against Attacks by Flies: Host-Specificity and Threats.

ABSTRACT: Species interactions are fundamental to ecological and evolutionary processes, shaping ecosystem dynamics and driving biodiversity. Among those, interactions between flies and amphibians are common in tropical areas, yet most aspects of their ecology and evolution are understudied. Using the PRISMA method, we systematically review the literature to examine the direct and indirect threats imposed by Diptera flies attacking amphibians and the behavioral, physiological, and acoustic defenses they elicit. We delve, for instance, into the eavesdropping behavior of some dipteran species, which use anuran calls as cues for host-seeking, and the potential impacts on frog communication systems. As flies can be disease vectors, we investigate pathogen transmission to amphibians as an indirect cost i

SUBMITTER: de Campos LLF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12796835 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature