Potential social-environmental factors affecting ADHD symptoms of 55,528 children from Longhua district, Shenzhen, China.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, frequently persisting into adolescence and adulthood. It is associated with a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and behavioral conditions. While emerging evidence suggests that social and environmental factors may influence the development and expression of ADHD symptoms, large-scale studies incorporating longitudinal data on early-life environmental exposures remain limited. Given the cross-sectional design of this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency and duration of outdoor activities among preschool children during infancy (0-1 years) and toddlerhood (1-3 years), and to examine their associations with ADHD symptoms.

Methods

A retrospec

SUBMITTER: Chen JH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12797981 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature