An umbrella review of maternal pre-pregnancy characteristics and prior cesarean section as risk factors for stillbirth.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Stillbirth is the death of a fetus at or after 20 weeks of gestation, making up 60% of perinatal deaths and having significant psychosocial and economic impacts. The present umbrella review assessed maternal risk factors before pregnancy and prior cesarean associated with stillbirth based on meta-analytic studies.

Materials and methods

We conducted a search of three major databases until January 2025, focusing on meta-analyses that evaluated environmental risk factors associated with stillbirth. We evaluated the strength of evidence for identified maternal characteristics associated with stillbirth using the validated Ioannidis classification system. We calculated summary effect estimates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity (I²), 95% prediction interval

SUBMITTER: Arabzadeh H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12798120 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature