Eco-friendly and sustainable gemini ionic liquid surfactants derived from coffee waste: design, surface activity, oil spill treatment, and antimicrobial performance.

ABSTRACT: As environmentally safe substitutes for traditional solvents and surfactants, ionic liquids (ILs) have drawn a lot of interest. Among these, IL-based cationic surfactants constitute an important class of multifunctional materials that integrate the unique physicochemical characteristics of ionic liquids with the interfacial activity of surfactants. Due to their dual functionality, they have demonstrated broad applicability as corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, emulsifiers, and dispersants across the petroleum, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors. In this case, precursors obtained from natural waste were used to create ionic liquid-based Gemini cationic surfactants (ILGCS) (4a-d). The first of the four primary phases in the synthetic approach was the separation of mixed fatty

SUBMITTER: Abdel-Hameed R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12801401 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature