Human alphacoronavirus replication and innate immune induction in airway culture systems.

ABSTRACT: Compared with lethal betacoronaviruses, there is limited knowledge of how human alphacoronaviruses HCoV-NL63 (NL63) and HCoV-229E (229E) interact with host innate immune responses. We compared NL63 and 229E infections in human lung-derived cell lines, A549^ACE2 and MRC-5, and primary nasal epithelial air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. We measured the infection rates and viral replication kinetics. Additionally, we assessed the activation of three dsRNA-induced pathways, interferon (IFN) production and signaling, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR), following infection with each virus. Although both 229E and NL63 replicated efficiently in nasal ALI cultures, NL63 replicated minimally in A549^ACE2 or MRC-5. In lung-derived

SUBMITTER: Fausto A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12802182 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature