Microbial Profiling of Saliva, Oral Rinse, Subgingival Plaque and GCF Reveals Site-Specific Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: A Within-Subject Comparison of 150 Participants.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

This study aimed to compare the microbial communities across four oral sample types-saliva, oral rinse, subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)-and to identify disease-associated microbiota in periodontitis.

Methods

Oral samples were collected from 150 adults, each providing four types of samples in the same visit. Saliva (5 mL) and oral rinse (10 mL, 30-s swish) were collected prior to clinical examination. Subgingival plaque was sampled using a curette from the two deepest pockets, followed by GCF collection via 20-s insertion of gingival retraction cords at the same sites. All samples underwent 16S rRNA (V3-V4) sequencing. Site-specific microbial profiles were evaluated across all participants. For disease comparisons, only individuals with clear period

SUBMITTER: Lee R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12803625 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature