Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Indicates Persistent Subgingival Dysbiosis After Periodontal Therapy.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

To investigate whether exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) is dose-dependently associated with subgingival polymicrobial clusters before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Material and methods

We followed 163 adults with periodontitis, measuring CO before and at 2, 14 and 26 months after therapy. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We applied topic models and regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, treatment group, pocket probing depth and plaque levels.

Results

Smokers had generally higher mean CO levels at every visit and showed significant declines at 14 and 26 months after therapy (p < 0.01). Before therapy, CO was not associated with dysbiosis; after therapy, higher levels were positively associated. In sensitivity a

SUBMITTER: Koehlen S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12803674 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature