Multiscale Plant Defense Strategies against Ciprofloxacin Stress: From Chloroplast-Centered Adaptation to Microbiome Coordination.

ABSTRACT: Biological stress responses operate across multiple scales, yet the coordination mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we present comprehensive systems-level characterization of coordinated plant and endophytic microbiome responses during xenobiotic stress, integrating ultrastructural analysis, proteomics, and microbiome profiling in rice seedlings exposed to ciprofloxacin. We discovered a sophisticated multi-level defense system with chloroplasts as a key hub within a highly integrated cross-organellar network, comprising 36% of all differentially expressed proteins. The system operates through 3 integrated mechanisms: (a) differential cellular accumulation patterns showing 14-fold tissue-specific differences, (b) reactive-oxygen-species-associated metabolic processes with reduced

SUBMITTER: Ling C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12804602 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature