Cognitive reserve, frailty status, and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a prospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT: Cognitive frailty has emerged as an important concept in research and clinical practice, yet the combined effect of cognitive reserve and frailty on neurodegenerative disease risk remains unexplored. This study included 346,025 UK Biobank participants followed for up to 15 years. Cognitive reserve indicators were generated using latent class analysis based on educational level, occupational achievement, confiding in others, social contact, leisure activities, and television viewing time. The primary outcome was neurodegenerative disease, with secondary outcomes including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and all-cause dementia. During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 5,590 new cases of neurodegenerative diseases were diagnosed. Compared to non-frail individuals, pre-frail and frai

SUBMITTER: Huang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12804963 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature