International Environmental Impact of CKD Care.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Data reporting the environmental impact of the overall chronic kidney disease (CKD) care pathway are limited.

Methods

We performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) of CKD stages 1 to 5, with a primary focus on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a secondary aim of quantifying broader environmental effects. The main scope estimated annual environmental impacts in the USA and UK, both per patient and for the total CKD population, with 8 additional countries included in exploratory analyses. Model inputs (annual health care resource use; travel distance; energy mix; and heating, cooling, and lighting requirements) were country-specific, where available. Environmental impacts by stage were calculated using the ReCiPe impact assessment method.

Results

In the USA a

SUBMITTER: Barraclough KA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12805029 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature