Prognostic value of intracardiac blood kinetic energy assessed by four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow has been introduced as a valuable technique for deriving intracardiac blood flow components and kinetic energy (KE), providing profound mechanistic insights into heart failure (HF) patients. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of CMR 4D flow-derived intracardiac blood flow components and KEs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods

A total of 420 HF patients underwent CMR examination between May 2019 and May 2022. Intracardiac left ventricular (LV) flow was divided into four components: direct flow (DF), retained inflow (RI), delayed ejection flow (DEF), and residual volume (RVo). Systolic KE and diastolic KE (early and late diastolic phases) were

SUBMITTER: Wang R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12805368 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature