Renoprotective mechanisms of bioconverted wild-simulated ginseng: mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis to protect against ischemic renal injury via Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB/caspase-3 signaling.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe condition linked to higher morbidity and mortality. Panax ginseng (PG) possesses renoprotective properties; however, its inadequate bioavailability restricts its efficacy. Wild-simulated PG (WSG), processed to boost its bioactive components, exhibits improved renoprotective effects. This research examines PG, bioconverted PG (BPG), and bioconverted WSG (BWG) for their protective roles against I/R induced AKI in mice.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral renal pedicle clamping via a dorsal approach for 30 min to induce ischemia, followed by clamp release and 24 h of reperfusion. Blood and kidney samples were collected at the end of the reperfusion period. Sham-operated mice underwen

SUBMITTER: Kim YJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12805545 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature