[Sex and gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder: current evidence on etiology, trajectory and treatment].

ABSTRACT:

Background

Sex and gender differences in mental disorders are widespread. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the mental disorders with the largest prevalence differences between women and men.

Aim of the paper and methods

This narrative review article highlights the current scientific evidence on sex and gender differences in the development, diagnostics and treatment of PTSD.

Results

Although men more frequently experience traumatic events women have a twofold to threefold higher risk of developing PTSD and experience more severe PTSD symptoms than men. The increased vulnerability of women is not yet fully understood and can be attributed to a combination of biological and psychosocial factors. Despite the higher risk, women and female-specific risk facto

SUBMITTER: Haering S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12808190 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature