Intranasal BCG vaccination induces systemic and pulmonary mucosal immune responses against tuberculosis in a goat model.

ABSTRACT: Early immune containment of mycobacteria at the infection site is key to tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development. Intranasal delivery strategies offer a promising alternative to parenteral BCG vaccination, particularly for pulmonary TB, the predominant clinical form in humans and livestock. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of intranasal BCG and heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) with or without adjuvant, as well as prime-boost strategies combining parenteral BCG or HIMB followed by intranasal HIMB in young goats. Intranasal BCG elicited systemic antigen-specific IFNγ production, with enhanced expansion of CD4⁺IFNγ⁺ and CD8⁺IFNγ⁺ T-cells, comparable to prime-boost regimens. Intranasal BCG and prime-boosted groups also induced higher loca

SUBMITTER: Cuenca-Lara P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12808410 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature