Temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and IgG subclasses following multiple doses and diverse COVID-19 vaccine combinations.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Despite extensive research on COVID-19 vaccines, comparative data on the long-term humoral response across multiple vaccine platforms and heterologous regimens remain limited. SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate and cause infections globally, highlighting the need to monitor the durability of vaccine-induced immunity. To better understand how different COVID-19 vaccination strategies shape long-term humoral immunity, we conducted a longitudinal study of the vaccines used on the European continent.

Methods

The present study investigated the humoral immune response in 331 participants between January 2021 and January 2023, who received mRNA (BNT162b2-BioNTech/Pfizer, mRNA-1273-Moderna), vector-based (ChAdOx1-S-AstraZeneca, Gam-COVID-Vac-Gamaleya Research Institute),

SUBMITTER: Meyer J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12808491 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature